cciia.org.cn 2024-11-02 12:11:28 國家發(fa)展改(gai)革委(wei)網(wang)站
為深入貫(guan)徹落實黨中央、國(guo)務院關于碳達峰碳中和(he)(he)決策部(bu)(bu)署，加快(kuai)推進各(ge)領域各(ge)行(xing)(xing)業可(ke)再生能源替(ti)代(dai)，國(guo)家發展改革委(wei)、工業和(he)(he)信息化部(bu)(bu)、住房城(cheng)鄉(xiang)建設部(bu)(bu)、交通運輸部(bu)(bu)、國(guo)家能源局(ju)和(he)(he)國(guo)家數據局(ju)聯合印發了《關于大力實施可(ke)再生能源替(ti)代(dai)行(xing)(xing)動的指導(dao)意見》（以下簡稱《意見》）。現從四個方面對《意見》進行(xing)(xing)解讀(du)。
一、出臺背景和意義
黨的(de)(de)二十(shi)屆三中(zhong)全會提(ti)(ti)出(chu)，健(jian)全綠(lv)色低碳(tan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)機制，促進綠(lv)色低碳(tan)循(xun)環(huan)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)經濟(ji)體(ti)系建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)。《中(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)央(yang) 國(guo)務院(yuan)關(guan)于完整準確全面(mian)貫(guan)徹新發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)理念做好(hao)碳(tan)達(da)峰碳(tan)中(zhong)和工作的(de)(de)意(yi)見》要求，嚴格控制化石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費，實施(shi)(shi)可再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)替代行(xing)動(dong)，不(bu)斷(duan)提(ti)(ti)高(gao)(gao)非(fei)化石能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)消費比重。《國(guo)務院(yuan)關(guan)于印發(fa)〈2030年前碳(tan)達(da)峰行(xing)動(dong)方案〉的(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)知(zhi)》提(ti)(ti)出(chu)，大(da)力實施(shi)(shi)可再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)替代，加快(kuai)構建(jian)(jian)(jian)清潔低碳(tan)安全高(gao)(gao)效(xiao)的(de)(de)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)體(ti)系。生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)態環(huan)境部(bu)、國(guo)家(jia)發(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)改革委(wei)、工業(ye)和信息化部(bu)、住房城鄉(xiang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)部(bu)、交通(tong)(tong)運(yun)輸(shu)部(bu)、農業(ye)農村(cun)部(bu)和國(guo)家(jia)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)局聯合印發(fa)的(de)(de)《減(jian)污(wu)降碳(tan)協(xie)同增效(xiao)實施(shi)(shi)方案》提(ti)(ti)出(chu)，實施(shi)(shi)可再(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)替代行(xing)動(dong)。
《意見》圍繞規劃建設(she)新(xin)型能源體系、以更(geng)大力(li)度推(tui)動新(xin)能源高質量發展，重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)對(dui)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生能源安全(quan)可(ke)(ke)靠供(gong)應、傳統(tong)(tong)能源穩妥有序替代(dai)(dai)，以及工業(ye)、交(jiao)通、建筑、農業(ye)農村等重(zhong)(zhong)點(dian)領域加快(kuai)可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生能源替代(dai)(dai)應用(yong)提(ti)出(chu)具體要求，對(dui)加快(kuai)在各(ge)領域各(ge)行(xing)業(ye)實施可(ke)(ke)再(zai)生能源替代(dai)(dai)，統(tong)(tong)籌推(tui)動全(quan)社會綠色低碳轉型意義重(zhong)(zhong)大。
二、總體要求
《意(yi)見(jian)》以習近平新(xin)(xin)時(shi)代中(zhong)國特色社會主義思想為(wei)指(zhi)導，貫徹“四個革命(ming)、一個合作”能(neng)源(yuan)安全新(xin)(xin)戰略，明確“統(tong)籌(chou)謀劃、安全替(ti)代，供需統(tong)籌(chou)、有序替(ti)代，協同(tong)融合、多元(yuan)替(ti)代，科技引領、創新(xin)(xin)替(ti)代”的基本原則。
《意見》提出，“十四五”重(zhong)點領域可再(zai)生能(neng)源替代取得積極(ji)進展，2025全國(guo)(guo)可再(zai)生能(neng)源消(xiao)費量(liang)達(da)到11億(yi)噸標煤(mei)以上； “十五五”各領域優先利用(yong)可再(zai)生能(neng)源的生產生活(huo)方式(shi)基本(ben)形(xing)成，2030年全國(guo)(guo)可再(zai)生能(neng)源消(xiao)費量(liang)達(da)到15億(yi)噸標煤(mei)以上，有力(li)支撐實現2030年碳達(da)峰(feng)目標。
三、主要任務
《意見》在提升可再(zai)生能(neng)源的(de)安(an)全可靠(kao)替代(dai)(dai)能(neng)力、重(zhong)(zhong)點領域替代(dai)(dai)應用(yong)、替代(dai)(dai)創(chuang)新試(shi)點等三個方面提出重(zhong)(zhong)點任務(wu)。
一是著力(li)(li)提(ti)(ti)(ti)升可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)安全(quan)可靠替代能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)。《意見(jian)》提(ti)(ti)(ti)出全(quan)面提(ti)(ti)(ti)升可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)供(gong)給能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，加快大(da)型(xing)(xing)基(ji)地(di)建設(she)(she)和就近分布式開(kai)發利(li)用(yong)，推(tui)進構(gou)網型(xing)(xing)技術(shu)應(ying)用(yong)，發展(zhan)綠(lv)色燃料、可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)制氫和綜(zong)合(he)供(gong)熱體(ti)系(xi)。在(zai)(zai)(zai)促進可再生(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)大(da)規(gui)模輸送和消納利(li)用(yong)方(fang)面，《意見(jian)》提(ti)(ti)(ti)出加快配套基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)，推(tui)動網源(yuan)協調(diao)(diao)發展(zhan)，優(you)化(hua)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)調(diao)(diao)度控(kong)制，加強(qiang)熱力(li)(li)、燃氣管網及氫能(neng)(neng)供(gong)應(ying)網絡等基(ji)礎設(she)(she)施(shi)建設(she)(she)和升級(ji)改造。在(zai)(zai)(zai)加強(qiang)供(gong)需(xu)互(hu)動方(fang)面，《意見(jian)》提(ti)(ti)(ti)出深入挖掘需(xu)求側資源(yuan)調(diao)(diao)控(kong)潛力(li)(li)，強(qiang)化(hua)工業、建筑(zhu)、交通等重點領域電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)需(xu)求側管理。在(zai)(zai)(zai)發展(zhan)靈活資源(yuan)方(fang)面，《意見(jian)》提(ti)(ti)(ti)出多元提(ti)(ti)(ti)升電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)系(xi)統(tong)調(diao)(diao)節能(neng)(neng)力(li)(li)，加強(qiang)靈活電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)、抽蓄(xu)和新(xin)型(xing)(xing)儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)應(ying)用(yong)，推(tui)進長時儲(chu)熱型(xing)(xing)發電(dian)(dian)、熱電(dian)(dian)耦合(he)、中高溫熱利(li)用(yong)。
二(er)是加快(kuai)推(tui)進(jin)重點領(ling)域(yu)(yu)(yu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)替(ti)代(dai)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)。在(zai)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)(yu)，《意見(jian)(jian)》提(ti)出協同推(tui)進(jin)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)用(yong)能(neng)(neng)綠色(se)低碳轉型，引導(dao)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)向可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)富集、資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)環境(jing)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)承載地(di)(di)(di)區有(you)(you)序(xu)轉移(yi)，強(qiang)化(hua)(hua)(hua)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)行業(ye)(ye)(ye)與可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)耦合發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)綠色(se)微電(dian)(dian)網(wang)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)，推(tui)廣可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)中(zhong)(zhong)低溫熱利用(yong)，探索(suo)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)風(feng)光(guang)氫(qing)氨醇(chun)一體化(hua)(hua)(hua)基地(di)(di)(di)。在(zai)交(jiao)通(tong)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)(yu)，《意見(jian)(jian)》提(ti)出加快(kuai)交(jiao)通(tong)運輸和(he)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)融合互動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)，建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)交(jiao)通(tong)廊道(dao)，推(tui)進(jin)光(guang)儲充放多功能(neng)(neng)綜(zong)合一體站(zhan)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)，探索(suo)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)公路，鼓勵電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)船舶和(he)航(hang)空器應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)持(chi)續航(hang)空燃(ran)(ran)料和(he)車用(yong)燃(ran)(ran)料應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)。在(zai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)領(ling)域(yu)(yu)(yu)，《意見(jian)(jian)》提(ti)出深化(hua)(hua)(hua)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)集成應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)，把(ba)優先利用(yong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)納入城鎮(zhen)的(de)(de)規劃、建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)設(she)、更新(xin)(xin)和(he)改造(zao)工(gong)作，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)既有(you)(you)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)加裝(zhuang)(zhuang)光(guang)伏系統(tong)和(he)有(you)(you)條(tiao)件的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)廠房、新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)公共建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)盡裝(zhuang)(zhuang)光(guang)伏系統(tong)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)公共建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)全面(mian)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，因(yin)地(di)(di)(di)制宜推(tui)進(jin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供熱制冷。為推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)助力鄉村振興和(he)綠色(se)發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，《意見(jian)(jian)》提(ti)出全面(mian)支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)農(nong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)農(nong)村用(yong)能(neng)(neng)清潔化(hua)(hua)(hua)現代(dai)化(hua)(hua)(hua)，積極發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)分散(san)式風(feng)電(dian)(dian)和(he)分布(bu)式光(guang)伏發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)，加快(kuai)農(nong)村能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)基礎(chu)設(she)施改造(zao)升級，因(yin)地(di)(di)(di)制宜推(tui)進(jin)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供熱代(dai)替(ti)煤炭(tan)散(san)燒。為推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)在(zai)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)等新(xin)(xin)興領(ling)域(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)應(ying)(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)，《意見(jian)(jian)》提(ti)出統(tong)籌新(xin)(xin)基建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)(fa)利用(yong)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)5G基站(zhan)、數(shu)(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)、超算中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)等與光(guang)伏、熱泵、儲能(neng)(neng)等融合發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)，支(zhi)(zhi)持(chi)新(xin)(xin)型基礎(chu)設(she)施發(fa)(fa)展(zhan)(zhan)綠電(dian)(dian)直供、源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)網(wang)荷(he)儲一體化(hua)(hua)(hua)項目，提(ti)高“東數(shu)(shu)西算”等戰(zhan)略工(gong)程中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)新(xin)(xin)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)電(dian)(dian)力消費(fei)占比，有(you)(you)序(xu)開展(zhan)(zhan)老舊基站(zhan)、“老舊小散(san)”數(shu)(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)綠色(se)技術改造(zao)，推(tui)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)新(xin)(xin)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)中(zhong)(zhong)心(xin)(xin)逐年穩步提(ti)升可(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)使用(yong)比例。
三是積極推(tui)動可(ke)再生(sheng)能源替代創新試點(dian)。針對(dui)新技術(shu)，《意(yi)見》提(ti)出(chu)加快(kuai)試點(dian)應用(yong)，開展深遠(yuan)海(hai)漂(piao)浮式海(hai)上風電、綠色(se)直供電、氫冶金(jin)和氫基化工(gong)技術(shu)應用(yong)等試點(dian)，支(zhi)持園區(qu)、企業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、大(da)型(xing)公共建筑等開展發供用(yong)高比(bi)例新能源試點(dian)。針對(dui)新業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)態(tai)，《意(yi)見》提(ti)出(chu)推(tui)動業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)態(tai)融合(he)創新，推(tui)動工(gong)業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、交通、建筑、農業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)、林業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)等與(yu)可(ke)再生(sheng)能源跨行業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)融合(he)，支(zhi)持數字能源、虛擬電廠、農村能源合(he)作社等新型(xing)經營主體(ti)發展壯大(da)，鼓勵促進可(ke)再生(sheng)能源多品種、多領域、多形態(tai)替代的(de)商業(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)模式創新。
四、保障措施
一是(shi)健全(quan)法(fa)律(lv)法(fa)規(gui)標(biao)準，明確各類主體在可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)開發(fa)利用中的(de)(de)相關(guan)權利義務(wu)和法(fa)律(lv)責(ze)任，將(jiang)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)替(ti)代利用納入各領域(yu)綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)低碳(tan)發(fa)展標(biao)準規(gui)范體系(xi)。二是(shi)完善綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)消(xiao)費(fei)機(ji)制，使用綠(lv)證作為可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電力消(xiao)費(fei)核(he)算的(de)(de)基礎憑證，加強綠(lv)證與節能(neng)降碳(tan)政策(ce)的(de)(de)有(you)效(xiao)銜(xian)接，將(jiang)消(xiao)納責(ze)任落(luo)實到重點用能(neng)單位。三是(shi)落(luo)實科技(ji)財政金融(rong)支持政策(ce)，支持可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)替(ti)代關(guan)鍵技(ji)術研發(fa)和試(shi)點應用，按照市場(chang)化法(fa)治化原則(ze)提供長期穩定融(rong)資支持。四是(shi)健全(quan)市場(chang)機(ji)制和價(jia)格(ge)機(ji)制，建(jian)立完善可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)電力市場(chang)交易(yi)機(ji)制，建(jian)立健全(quan)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)供熱、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)物天(tian)然氣、清潔(jie)低碳(tan)氫的(de)(de)市場(chang)機(ji)制。五是(shi)深化推(tui)進國際合作，推(tui)動工業(ye)、交通、建(jian)筑、農業(ye)農村(cun)等重點領域(yu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)應用先(xian)進技(ji)術裝(zhuang)備研發(fa)的(de)(de)國際合作，推(tui)動綠(lv)證走出(chu)去。六是(shi)加強宣傳引導，動員全(quan)民參與可(ke)(ke)(ke)再(zai)(zai)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)能(neng)源(yuan)(yuan)替(ti)代行動，促(cu)進居民踐行和推(tui)廣綠(lv)色(se)(se)(se)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)活方式(shi)。
日期：2024-11-02 12:11:28 | 關閉 |
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