cciia.org.cn 2025-3-13 11:12:51 最高(gao)檢網站(zhan)
近日，最高人(ren)民檢(jian)察(cha)院聚焦民事(shi)生效(xiao)裁判監督這(zhe)一主題，發布(bu)第五十六批指導(dao)性(xing)案例(li)。民事(shi)生效(xiao)裁判監督是民事(shi)檢(jian)察(cha)監督的一項傳(chuan)統職能(neng)，以此為(wei)主題發布(bu)指導(dao)性(xing)案例(li)，有哪些(xie)考量？秉承(cheng)“精而又(you)精、優(you)中(zhong)選優(you)”理念，此批指導(dao)性(xing)案例(li)在司法規則指引、法律政策(ce)精準適(shi)用方面(mian)，如何引領民事(shi)檢(jian)察(cha)辦案？強化民事(shi)生效(xiao)裁判監督質效(xiao)，又(you)釋放出哪些(xie)信號？就此關注，最高檢(jian)民事(shi)檢(jian)察(cha)廳負責人(ren)回答(da)了記者提問(wen)。
問：發布本批指導性(xing)案例的背景(jing)是(shi)什么？
答：“高質效(xiao)(xiao)辦(ban)(ban)好每(mei)一個(ge)案件”是(shi)新(xin)時代新(xin)征程檢察(cha)履職辦(ban)(ban)案的(de)基本價值(zhi)追(zhui)求(qiu)。民(min)事(shi)檢察(cha)是(shi)中國特色社(she)(she)會(hui)主義檢察(cha)制度的(de)重(zhong)要組成部分，也是(shi)“四大檢察(cha)”中直接貼近民(min)眾、服務民(min)生(sheng)的(de)一項工作(zuo)，如何(he)以“三(san)個(ge)善于”做(zuo)實“高質效(xiao)(xiao)辦(ban)(ban)好每(mei)一個(ge)案件”，實現辦(ban)(ban)案政治效(xiao)(xiao)果、社(she)(she)會(hui)效(xiao)(xiao)果與(yu)法律效(xiao)(xiao)果的(de)有(you)機統一，是(shi)民(min)事(shi)檢察(cha)工作(zuo)面臨的(de)新(xin)形勢和新(xin)要求(qiu)。
民(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)效(xiao)(xiao)裁(cai)判監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)檢(jian)察(cha)機(ji)關(guan)的(de)傳統職(zhi)能，也是(shi)民(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)訴訟監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)核心。近年來(lai)，檢(jian)察(cha)機(ji)關(guan)聚焦法律(lv)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)主責主業(ye)，強(qiang)化(hua)民(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)效(xiao)(xiao)裁(cai)判監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)力度加大、監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)質效(xiao)(xiao)提升，取(qu)得了新進展(zhan)新成效(xiao)(xiao)，但(dan)與黨(dang)中央的(de)要求和人(ren)(ren)民(min)群眾對司法公(gong)正的(de)期(qi)待相比，仍(reng)然存在(zai)差距，在(zai)民(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)效(xiao)(xiao)裁(cai)判監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)方面，檢(jian)察(cha)機(ji)關(guan)的(de)法律(lv)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)質效(xiao)(xiao)和民(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)檢(jian)察(cha)人(ren)(ren)員的(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)能力仍(reng)有待進一步提高。
為指導地方各(ge)級檢(jian)察(cha)機關正確(que)適(shi)用法(fa)律，進一(yi)步加強民(min)事生效(xiao)(xiao)裁判(pan)監(jian)(jian)督工(gong)作，切(qie)實(shi)提(ti)升監(jian)(jian)督能力和水平，以高(gao)(gao)質效(xiao)(xiao)辦案(an)滿足新時(shi)代人民(min)群(qun)眾日益(yi)增長的(de)司法(fa)需求，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)人民(min)檢(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)決(jue)定編發本批指導性(xing)案(an)例。在對下征集和篩選案(an)例的(de)基礎上(shang)，最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)人民(min)檢(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)向全國(guo)(guo)人大常委會(hui)法(fa)制工(gong)作委員(yuan)會(hui)、最(zui)(zui)高(gao)(gao)人民(min)法(fa)院(yuan)、民(min)政部(bu)(bu)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)市場監(jian)(jian)督管理總局(ju)、國(guo)(guo)家(jia)衛生健康委員(yuan)會(hui)、生態環(huan)境部(bu)(bu)等相關部(bu)(bu)門和專家(jia)學者(zhe)征求意見，最(zui)(zui)終確(que)定5件案(an)例入選本批指導性(xing)案(an)例。
問：本批(pi)指導性案例有哪些主要特點(dian)？
答：本批指(zhi)導性(xing)(xing)案(an)例主要有以下特點：一是從(cong)案(an)由來看(kan)(kan)，涉(she)及民間借貸糾(jiu)紛(fen)、贈與(yu)合(he)同(tong)糾(jiu)紛(fen)、服(fu)務合(he)同(tong)糾(jiu)紛(fen)、交通(tong)事(shi)(shi)故(gu)責任糾(jiu)紛(fen)等(deng)類型，這些(xie)案(an)由對(dui)應(ying)的(de)案(an)件在民事(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)監(jian)督(du)整(zheng)體(ti)案(an)件數量中占比較(jiao)高，且與(yu)經(jing)濟(ji)社會發(fa)(fa)展、人民群(qun)眾(zhong)合(he)法(fa)權益保(bao)障密切相關。二(er)是從(cong)案(an)件來源看(kan)(kan)，均(jun)為(wei)當事(shi)(shi)人申(shen)請監(jian)督(du)案(an)件，體(ti)現了檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)機關積(ji)極暢通(tong)當事(shi)(shi)人申(shen)請監(jian)督(du)渠(qu)道，通(tong)過履行(xing)監(jian)督(du)職責，有效(xiao)維護當事(shi)(shi)人合(he)法(fa)權益。三是從(cong)監(jian)督(du)方式看(kan)(kan)，均(jun)為(wei)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)機關抗(kang)訴(su)案(an)件，體(ti)現了檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)機關聚(ju)焦在司法(fa)理(li)念、政策導向(xiang)、法(fa)律適(shi)用方面有創新、引(yin)領(ling)價值的(de)案(an)件，通(tong)過抗(kang)訴(su)發(fa)(fa)揮對(dui)類案(an)的(de)指(zhi)導作(zuo)(zuo)用。四是從(cong)監(jian)督(du)結果看(kan)(kan)，檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)機關提出的(de)抗(kang)訴(su)意見均(jun)被(bei)法(fa)院再審采納，案(an)件獲得改判，檢(jian)(jian)法(fa)兩院合(he)力(li)保(bao)障當事(shi)(shi)人合(he)法(fa)權益，共同(tong)維護司法(fa)公正。五(wu)是從(cong)案(an)例要旨看(kan)(kan)，注(zhu)重提煉(lian)法(fa)律適(shi)用規則(ze)，對(dui)民商事(shi)(shi)法(fa)律立法(fa)精神或原則(ze)性(xing)(xing)規定的(de)細化，增強實(shi)踐操(cao)作(zuo)(zuo)性(xing)(xing)，具(ju)有普遍(bian)指(zhi)導性(xing)(xing)，有利(li)于(yu)各級(ji)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)機關在辦案(an)中參照適(shi)用。
問：本批指(zhi)導(dao)(dao)性案例的(de)指(zhi)導(dao)(dao)意義主要體現在哪(na)些方(fang)面？
答：本批指導(dao)(dao)性(xing)(xing)案(an)(an)(an)(an)例的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)指導(dao)(dao)意(yi)義(yi)，主(zhu)要體現(xian)(xian)以下(xia)方面：一(yi)是引領(ling)(ling)地方各級檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)進(jin)一(yi)步加(jia)強(qiang)調(diao)查(cha)核實(shi)(shi)，準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)把(ba)握證據(ju)(ju)采信、事(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)認定(ding)、法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)適用(yong)(yong)、司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)政策運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)等問(wen)題(ti)，依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)對(dui)確(que)(que)有(you)(you)錯誤(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)生效(xiao)裁判(pan)提出監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)意(yi)見(jian)，促使(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)及時糾錯，維(wei)護(hu)司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)公(gong)(gong)(gong)正。如“某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)農村商(shang)業銀(yin)行(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)與張某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)幘、曹某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)環、邢某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)梅民(min)(min)間借(jie)貸(dai)糾紛(fen)(fen)抗訴案(an)(an)(an)(an)”中(zhong)(zhong)，檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)行(xing)使(shi)(shi)調(diao)查(cha)核實(shi)(shi)權(quan)(quan)，準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)查(cha)明“張某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)幘提議加(jia)蓋公(gong)(gong)(gong)章”關(guan)(guan)鍵事(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)，并結合(he)(he)(he)邢某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)梅加(jia)蓋公(gong)(gong)(gong)章位置、借(jie)條形成過(guo)程、債務(wu)前期履(lv)行(xing)情況等因素進(jin)行(xing)綜合(he)(he)(he)判(pan)斷(duan)，認定(ding)以某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)農村商(shang)業銀(yin)行(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)名義(yi)提供擔(dan)(dan)保系借(jie)貸(dai)雙方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)真實(shi)(shi)意(yi)思表示，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)糾正原(yuan)審判(pan)決關(guan)(guan)于(yu)某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)農村商(shang)業銀(yin)行(xing)公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)為借(jie)款(kuan)債務(wu)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錯誤(wu)認定(ding)，有(you)(you)效(xiao)維(wei)護(hu)市場主(zhu)體合(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)(quan)益。二(er)是引領(ling)(ling)各級檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)將“三(san)個善于(yu)”要求(qiu)貫(guan)徹履(lv)行(xing)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)生效(xiao)裁判(pan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)職責(ze)全過(guo)程，加(jia)強(qiang)證據(ju)(ju)審查(cha)，找(zhao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)起(qi)主(zhu)導(dao)(dao)和(he)支配作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)(shi)質法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)關(guan)(guan)系，對(dui)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)作(zuo)出準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)；注重契合(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)精(jing)神，站在案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)、事(shi)(shi)(shi)件(jian)本質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角度理(li)(li)解與確(que)(que)定(ding)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)條文的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內涵和(he)外延，準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)適用(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)；注重運(yun)(yun)用(yong)(yong)法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)思維(wei)和(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)治(zhi)(zhi)方式統籌處理(li)(li)法(fa)(fa)(fa)理(li)(li)、事(shi)(shi)(shi)理(li)(li)、情理(li)(li)，切實(shi)(shi)將社會主(zhu)義(yi)核心價值觀融入辦案(an)(an)(an)(an)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)。如“袁某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)松與文某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)強(qiang)、某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)保險公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動車(che)交通事(shi)(shi)(shi)故責(ze)任糾紛(fen)(fen)抗訴案(an)(an)(an)(an)”中(zhong)(zhong)，檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)根據(ju)(ju)獻(xian)血法(fa)(fa)(fa)等立法(fa)(fa)(fa)精(jing)神，準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)認定(ding)被(bei)侵權(quan)(quan)人因無償(chang)獻(xian)血依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)獲(huo)得用(yong)(yong)血費(fei)用(yong)(yong)減免的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)獎勵(li)與侵權(quan)(quan)損害(hai)賠(pei)償(chang)責(ze)任并非基于(yu)同一(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)(lv)關(guan)(guan)系產生，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)糾正原(yuan)審判(pan)決關(guan)(guan)于(yu)以用(yong)(yong)血費(fei)用(yong)(yong)報銷(xiao)為由抵銷(xiao)、減輕(qing)侵權(quan)(quan)人賠(pei)償(chang)責(ze)任的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)錯誤(wu)，有(you)(you)效(xiao)維(wei)護(hu)交通事(shi)(shi)(shi)故受害(hai)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)合(he)(he)(he)法(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)(quan)益。三(san)是引領(ling)(ling)各級檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)持續推(tui)進(jin)依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)精(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)，指導(dao)(dao)檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)正確(que)(que)理(li)(li)解精(jing)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)和(he)意(yi)義(yi)，堅持法(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)與必要性(xing)(xing)相(xiang)結合(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)標(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，增強(qiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)及時性(xing)(xing)與實(shi)(shi)效(xiao)性(xing)(xing)，努力讓(rang)人民(min)(min)群(qun)眾在每一(yi)個民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)中(zhong)(zhong)感受到(dao)公(gong)(gong)(gong)平正義(yi)。如“楊某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)與成都某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)醫美公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)服務(wu)合(he)(he)(he)同糾紛(fen)(fen)抗訴案(an)(an)(an)(an)”中(zhong)(zhong)，檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)針對(dui)消(xiao)費(fei)欺詐懲罰性(xing)(xing)賠(pei)償(chang)適用(yong)(yong)規則，準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)提出“就不可分割商(shang)品或(huo)服務(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體價格承擔(dan)(dan)懲罰性(xing)(xing)賠(pei)償(chang)責(ze)任”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)意(yi)見(jian)，既實(shi)(shi)現(xian)(xian)醫療(liao)美容領(ling)(ling)域消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)損害(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)效(xiao)填補(bu)，又倒逼(bi)醫療(liao)美容經營者(zhe)恪(ke)守誠實(shi)(shi)信用(yong)(yong)原(yuan)則。又如“某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)建(jian)設公(gong)(gong)(gong)司(si)與黃某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)平、張某(mou)(mou)(mou)(mou)標(biao)民(min)(min)間借(jie)貸(dai)糾紛(fen)(fen)抗訴案(an)(an)(an)(an)”中(zhong)(zhong)，檢(jian)察(cha)(cha)(cha)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)關(guan)(guan)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確(que)(que)提出“原(yuan)審法(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)未依(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)主(zhu)動查(cha)明保證期間屆滿(man)等案(an)(an)(an)(an)件(jian)基本事(shi)(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi)并導(dao)(dao)致裁判(pan)結果有(you)(you)誤(wu)”的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)意(yi)見(jian)，促使(shi)(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)院(yuan)積極履(lv)行(xing)審判(pan)職責(ze)，共同維(wei)護(hu)司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)公(gong)(gong)(gong)正和(he)司(si)法(fa)(fa)(fa)權(quan)(quan)威。
問：從(cong)本(ben)批指導(dao)性案(an)例可以(yi)看出(chu)，依法行使(shi)調(diao)查核(he)實(shi)權，對檢察(cha)機關(guan)查清案(an)件事(shi)實(shi)和采取監督措施(shi)發揮積極的(de)作用(yong)。檢察(cha)機關(guan)的(de)調(diao)查核(he)實(shi)權與當(dang)事(shi)人的(de)舉(ju)證之間是(shi)什(shen)么關(guan)系？
答：調(diao)查核(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)權既是(shi)民(min)事(shi)訴訟(song)法(fa)(fa)賦予檢察機(ji)關的一項(xiang)重要(yao)職(zhi)權，也是(shi)保(bao)障檢察機(ji)關有效(xiao)履行法(fa)(fa)律監(jian)督職(zhi)責的一項(xiang)重要(yao)措施。近年來，檢察機(ji)關在(zai)民(min)事(shi)檢察工作(zuo)中堅持“以事(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)為依據，以法(fa)(fa)律為準繩”原則，不斷完善調(diao)閱(yue)卷(juan)宗(zong)、檢察聽證、調(diao)查詢問、司法(fa)(fa)鑒定(ding)等調(diao)查核(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)制度(du)機(ji)制，進一步運用調(diao)查核(he)實(shi)(shi)(shi)權查明案(an)件事(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)，努力做到(dao)以親歷性保(bao)障準確(que)性、實(shi)(shi)(shi)效(xiao)性，最(zui)大限(xian)度(du)還原客(ke)觀事(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)，糾正民(min)事(shi)生(sheng)效(xiao)裁判在(zai)證據采信、事(shi)實(shi)(shi)(shi)認定(ding)、法(fa)(fa)律適用等方面的錯誤。
當(dang)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)是民事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)的(de)(de)主體，民事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)法(fa)也(ye)規定了當(dang)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)處分(fen)原(yuan)則(ze)和當(dang)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)舉(ju)證(zheng)責任(ren)制度，依(yi)法(fa)負有舉(ju)證(zheng)責任(ren)的(de)(de)當(dang)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)應(ying)當(dang)積(ji)極(ji)地進行(xing)(xing)(xing)證(zheng)據的(de)(de)收集與舉(ju)示(shi)，否則(ze)應(ying)當(dang)對舉(ju)證(zheng)不能承擔不利(li)的(de)(de)法(fa)律后果(guo)。而檢察(cha)機關對案(an)(an)件(jian)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實進行(xing)(xing)(xing)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)核(he)(he)實系履行(xing)(xing)(xing)法(fa)律監督職責的(de)(de)需(xu)要，其目的(de)(de)在于查(cha)(cha)清案(an)(an)件(jian)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)實，促使(shi)法(fa)院(yuan)依(yi)法(fa)糾正確(que)有錯誤的(de)(de)裁判，并不影響各方(fang)當(dang)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)平等(deng)行(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)包括收集證(zheng)據、舉(ju)示(shi)證(zheng)據、質證(zheng)在內的(de)(de)訴(su)(su)(su)訟(song)權利(li)。因此(ci)，檢察(cha)機關行(xing)(xing)(xing)使(shi)調(diao)查(cha)(cha)核(he)(he)實權應(ying)當(dang)堅持公權力監督屬性，始(shi)終秉持客觀公正立場，嚴格依(yi)法(fa)確(que)定調(diao)查(cha)(cha)核(he)(he)實事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)項(xiang)，規范開展相(xiang)應(ying)工作。
問：本批(pi)指導性案例在司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)理念、法(fa)(fa)律適用方(fang)面對司(si)(si)法(fa)(fa)實踐(jian)具有較強指導意義(yi)。檢察機關如何通過(guo)民事(shi)生效裁判監督，促進(jin)法(fa)(fa)院統(tong)一裁判尺度，保障法(fa)(fa)律在民事(shi)訴訟(song)中得(de)到統(tong)一正確實施？
答(da)：裁(cai)(cai)判(pan)(pan)(pan)尺度是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)、同(tong)案(an)能否(fou)同(tong)判(pan)(pan)(pan)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)人民(min)群(qun)眾衡量司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)公正(zheng)的(de)重要(yao)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，直接關乎人民(min)群(qun)眾對(dui)于公平(ping)正(zheng)義(yi)的(de)獲得感(gan)。近年來，檢察機(ji)關通過(guo)民(min)事(shi)生(sheng)效(xiao)裁(cai)(cai)判(pan)(pan)(pan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)，促(cu)進(jin)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)裁(cai)(cai)判(pan)(pan)(pan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，切實(shi)保障(zhang)國(guo)家法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)的(de)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)正(zheng)確實(shi)施。一(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)聚焦主(zhu)責主(zhu)業，以(yi)高質(zhi)效(xiao)個案(an)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)促(cu)進(jin)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)裁(cai)(cai)判(pan)(pan)(pan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。緊緊圍繞(rao)“高質(zhi)效(xiao)辦好每一(yi)(yi)(yi)個案(an)件(jian)”這一(yi)(yi)(yi)履職辦案(an)基本價值追求，堅持(chi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)定(ding)性(xing)(xing)和必(bi)要(yao)性(xing)(xing)相結合(he)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，加(jia)強(qiang)個案(an)精準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)，通過(guo)抗訴(su)等(deng)民(min)事(shi)生(sheng)效(xiao)裁(cai)(cai)判(pan)(pan)(pan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)方(fang)式，促(cu)進(jin)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，推(tui)動(dong)解決同(tong)類問(wen)題。如“馮某慧與(yu)李某贈與(yu)合(he)同(tong)糾紛抗訴(su)案(an)”中，檢察機(ji)關準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)確適用夫妻(qi)共同(tong)財產(chan)(chan)制度，監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)院判(pan)(pan)(pan)令受贈人返還(huan)全部贈與(yu)財產(chan)(chan)，促(cu)進(jin)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)類似案(an)件(jian)裁(cai)(cai)判(pan)(pan)(pan)尺度。二是(shi)(shi)(shi)加(jia)強(qiang)案(an)例(li)指導，以(yi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)推(tui)動(dong)裁(cai)(cai)判(pan)(pan)(pan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)。通過(guo)發(fa)布指導性(xing)(xing)案(an)例(li)、典型案(an)例(li)等(deng)，從法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)適用、事(shi)實(shi)認定(ding)、證據運用、政策把握、辦案(an)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)等(deng)方(fang)面提煉出對(dui)類案(an)具有(you)普(pu)遍(bian)指導意(yi)義(yi)、可(ke)參照援引的(de)司法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)規則，引導檢察機(ji)關進(jin)一(yi)(yi)(yi)步統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，通過(guo)有(you)效(xiao)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)促(cu)進(jin)統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)裁(cai)(cai)判(pan)(pan)(pan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)。三是(shi)(shi)(shi)強(qiang)化(hua)類案(an)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)，切實(shi)提升監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)質(zhi)效(xiao)。持(chi)續加(jia)強(qiang)類案(an)分析(xi)，及時發(fa)現民(min)事(shi)生(sheng)效(xiao)裁(cai)(cai)判(pan)(pan)(pan)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)領(ling)域中的(de)多發(fa)、共性(xing)(xing)問(wen)題，推(tui)動(dong)民(min)事(shi)檢察監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)“由點到(dao)面”。充分利(li)用大數據監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)模型推(tui)動(dong)類案(an)信(xin)息收集研(yan)判(pan)(pan)(pan)，剖析(xi)個案(an)問(wen)題背后的(de)普(pu)遍(bian)性(xing)(xing)、傾向(xiang)性(xing)(xing)問(wen)題，以(yi)起(qi)到(dao)“監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)一(yi)(yi)(yi)類、糾正(zheng)一(yi)(yi)(yi)片(pian)”的(de)效(xiao)果(guo)，切實(shi)發(fa)揮類案(an)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)在(zai)增強(qiang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)督(du)(du)(du)(du)質(zhi)效(xiao)、統(tong)(tong)(tong)一(yi)(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)(fa)(fa)律(lv)適用方(fang)面的(de)優勢。
問：下一步(bu)，檢察(cha)機關在進一步(bu)提(ti)升民事生效(xiao)裁判監督(du)質(zhi)效(xiao)方面有什么考慮？
答：民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)重心是(shi)訴訟活動監(jian)(jian)督，要始終抓(zhua)住民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)裁判(pan)監(jian)(jian)督這(zhe)個重點。對(dui)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)裁判(pan)的(de)(de)(de)監(jian)(jian)督，既要加大力(li)度，更要精準有效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。一(yi)(yi)是(shi)嚴格依法(fa)(fa)履(lv)(lv)職，努力(li)做(zuo)到“三個善(shan)于(yu)”，持(chi)續推(tui)進(jin)(jin)“高(gao)質(zhi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)辦(ban)好(hao)每一(yi)(yi)個案(an)件”，確(que)保政治效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)、法(fa)(fa)律效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)和(he)社會效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)(guo)有機(ji)統一(yi)(yi)。二(er)是(shi)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步用(yong)好(hao)抗訴這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)法(fa)(fa)定(ding)監(jian)(jian)督方(fang)式，把(ba)抗訴工(gong)作(zuo)擺(bai)在更加突出位置，健全上下聯動抗訴機(ji)制，加強跟進(jin)(jin)監(jian)(jian)督和(he)上級(ji)(ji)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)院(yuan)接續抗訴，確(que)保取得監(jian)(jian)督實(shi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)。三是(shi)規(gui)范(fan)再審(shen)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)建(jian)議辦(ban)理(li)，會同(tong)法(fa)(fa)院(yuan)完善(shan)再審(shen)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)建(jian)議案(an)件辦(ban)理(li)機(ji)制，進(jin)(jin)一(yi)(yi)步提升監(jian)(jian)督質(zhi)量，發揮好(hao)同(tong)級(ji)(ji)監(jian)(jian)督制度效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)能。四(si)是(shi)注(zhu)重在民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)履(lv)(lv)職辦(ban)案(an)中落(luo)實(shi)“三個管理(li)”要求，明確(que)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)主(zhu)要業務(wu)門類、業務(wu)領域的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)質(zhi)效(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)辦(ban)案(an)規(gui)范(fan)，開展“一(yi)(yi)案(an)一(yi)(yi)評析(xi)”“一(yi)(yi)案(an)一(yi)(yi)指導(dao)(dao)(dao)”，通過及時總結和(he)反饋辦(ban)案(an)得失指導(dao)(dao)(dao)業務(wu)實(shi)踐。五是(shi)以(yi)學習本批指導(dao)(dao)(dao)性案(an)例為契機(ji)，注(zhu)重培育(yu)民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)人員成(cheng)為一(yi)(yi)專多能的(de)(de)(de)“全科(ke)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)官”，推(tui)動民(min)(min)事(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)檢(jian)(jian)察(cha)人員切實(shi)當(dang)好(hao)依法(fa)(fa)履(lv)(lv)職辦(ban)案(an)的(de)(de)(de)“能工(gong)”，努力(li)成(cheng)為運用(yong)法(fa)(fa)律政策的(de)(de)(de)“巧(qiao)匠(jiang)”。
日期：2025-3-13 11:12:51 | 關閉 |
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